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THE ELDER FUTHARK RUNIC ALPHABET

Fehu (F; cattle, wealth)

denotes success or luck, wealth or abundance, foresight, and fertility currently or in the near future. Reversed indicates loss or failure, poverty, greed, discord of some sort, dullness, or lack of intelligence in action or thought.

Uruz (U; wild ox)

denotes strength, speed, potential, action, tenacity, understanding and wisdom. Expect sudden or unexpected changes for the better. It is the rune of masculine potency and sexual desire. Reversed indicates weakness, obsession, inconsistency, ignorance, violence, misdirection, and domination by others.

Thurisaz (TH; giant)

Conflict, reactive and destructive force with a tendency toward change, purging. Reversed indicates danger, compulsion, betrayal, torment and evil. A bad man or woman.

Ansuz (A; ancestral god)

A revealing intuition or communication, the taking of advice, health, harmony, truth and wisdom. Reversed indicates misunderstanding, delusion.

Raidho (R; chariot)

Lifestyle changes, physical journey, seeing another perspective and moving on it. Reversed indicates crisis, rigidity, injustice, disruption, and death.

Kenaz (K; torch)

Vision, knowledge, creativity and inspiration, and passion. Reversed Kenaz Reversed or Merkstave: Disease, breakup, instability, lack of creativity. Nakedness, exposure, loss of illusion and false hope.

Gebo (G; gift)

Gifts, both in the sense of sacrifice and of generosity, indicating balance. All matters in relation to exchanges, including contracts, personal relationships and partnerships. Gebo Merkstave (Gebo cannot be reversed, but may lie in opposition): Greed, loneliness, dependence, over-sacrifice. Obligation, toll, privation, bribery.

Wunjo (W or V; joy)

Joy, comfort, pleasure. Fellowship, harmony, prosperity. Ecstasy, glory, spiritual reward, but also the possibility of going "over the top". If restrained, the meaning is general success and recognition of worth. Wunjo Reversed or Merkstave: Stultification, sorrow, strife, alienation. Delirium, intoxication, possession by higher forces, impractical enthusiasm. Raging frenzy, berzerk.

Hagalaz (H; hail)

Wrath of nature, destructive, uncontrolled forces, especially the weather, or within the unconscious. Tempering, testing, trial. Controlled crisis, leading to completion, inner harmony. Hagalaz Merkstave (Hagalaz cannot be reversed, but may lie in opposition): Natural disaster, catastrophe. Stagnation, loss of power. Pain, loss, suffering, hardship, sickness, crisis.

Nauthiz (N; Need)

Delays, restriction. Resistance leading to strength, innovation, need-fire (self-reliance). Distress, confusion, conflict, and the power of will to overcome them. Endurance, survival, determination. A time to exercise patience. Recognition of one's fate. Major self-initiated change. Face your fears. Nauthiz Reversed or Merkstave: Constraint of freedom, distress, toil, drudgery, laxity. Necessity, extremity, want, deprivation, starvation, need, poverty, emotional hunger.

Isa (I; ice)

A challenge or frustration. Psychological blocks to thought or activity, including grievances. Standstill, or a time to turn inward and wait for what is to come, or to seek clarity. This rune reinforces runes around it. Isa Merkstave (Isa cannot be reversed, but may lie in opposition): Ego-mania, dullness, blindness, dissipation. Treachery, illusion, deceit, betrayal, guile, stealth, ambush, plots.

Jera (J or Y; a year, a good harvest)

The results of earlier efforts are realized. A time of peace and happiness, fruitful season. It can break through stagnancy. Hopes and expectations of peace and prosperity. The promise of success earned. Life cycle, cyclical pattern of the universe. Everything changes, in its own time. Jera Merkstave (Jera cannot be reversed, but may lie in opposition): Sudden setback, reversals. A major change, repetition, bad timing, poverty, conflict.

Eihwaz (EI; yew tree)

Strength, reliability, dependability, trustworthiness. Enlightenment, endurance. Defense, protection. The driving force to acquire, providing motivation and a sense of purpose. Indicates that you have set your sights on a reasonable target and can achieve your goals. An honest man who can be relied upon. Eihwaz Reversed or Merkstave: Confusion, destruction, dissatisfaction, weakness.

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